Susie Jones
Driver Advice • 4 min read

Tachograph rules made easy

Created: 01/08/2024

Updated: 08/08/2024

The world of tachograph rules can be a confusing place for the most experienced truck driver. Let alone for anyone new entering the industry. We aim to clear up some of that confusion.

What is a tachograph and why do we have them?

According to the dictionary, a tachograph is “a device that is put in vehicles such as lorries and coaches in order to record information such as how fast the vehicle goes, how far it travels, and the number of breaks the driver takes.”

The purpose of a tachograph is to prevent driver fatigue and ensure drivers and employers adhere to the rules. Road safety charity Brake reported that “four in ten tiredness-related crashes involve someone driving a commercial vehicle.” Therefore, tachograph rules play a vital part in aiming to reduce this number.

When do you need a tachograph?

You need to fit a tachograph if your gross vehicle weight exceeds three and a half tonnes. It’s important to remember that this includes towing a trailer. There are a few exceptions to this rule:

• If you only drive off public roads

• If the vehicle is driven by armed forces, police, or fire brigade

• If you are a commercial fleet and use vehicles with a maximum weight of seven and a half tonnes, and your journey is less than 100km from your operating base.

• If you are carrying goods and your vehicle is electric

• If you are carrying equipment or machinery for the driver’s use, and driving this vehicle is not your main work.

What are the different types of tachographs?

There are three different types of tachographs:

• Analogue: These were made compulsory in Europe in 1986. Analogue tachographs use wax paper sheets to record driver data. Drivers manually input the details and insert them into a tachograph device.

• Digital: These were introduced in 2006. Used by more than one million transport companies and over six million professional drivers. Digital tachographs record driver data on an internal storage device and driver card.

• Smart: From June 2019, the European Union required companies to use smart tachographs. These automatically record the vehicle’s location at the beginning and end of each journey. They also provide updates every three hours

What does each tachograph symbol mean?

Check out our video explaining each tachograph symbol

Break rules

For the safety of the truck driver and everyone else on the road, break rules must be followed. We’ve broken down the key points.

Driving time:

• Can be no longer than four-and-a-half hours before a break

Breaks:

• Must be at least 45 minutes unless a driver takes a rest period

Rest period:

• During a rest period, driving, or any other work cannot be carried out

Splitting breaks:

• A full 45-minute break can be split by a 15-minute break followed by a 30-minute one

• Splitting breaks must be distributed over the four-and-a-half hours of driving time

• Under EU rules, if breaks are split, the second break needs to be at least 30 minutes.

Daily driving limit

The daily driving limit refers to the maximum driving time in a day. Nine hours is the maximum, but this can be increased to 10. However, this can’t be done more than twice in a fixed week. Daily driving time can be defined as:

• The total accumulated driving time between the end of a daily rest period and the beginning of the following daily rest period

• The total accumulated driving time between a daily rest period and a weekly rest period. .

Weekly and two-weekly driving limit

Drivers need to ensure they don’t exceed the maximum weekly and two weekly driving limits.

• The maximum weekly driving limit is 56 hours (applies to a fixed week)

• A fixed week starts at 00.00 and finishes at 24.00 the following Sunday

• A two-weekly driving limit is 90 hours.

Daily rest

Additionally, daily rest must be taken.

• Driver must take 11 continuous hours of rest. This can be reduced to nine

• This reduction can only happen up to three times between weekly rest periods

• The rest period must be completed within 24 hours at the end of the last daily or weekly rest period.

Daily rest can be taken in the vehicle; however, suitable sleeping facilities are required. If these facilities are absent, the driver must find accommodation. Check out our locations page to find out which truck stops offer this service.

Weekly rest

Weekly rest periods must be taken no later than at the end of six consecutive 24-hour periods from the end of the last weekly rest.

• Drivers are required to take at least 45 hours of rest

• They can take a reduced weekly rest of at least 24 hours

• Reduced weekly rest needs to be compensated in one block, and at least nine hours before the end of the third week.

Although reduced rest can be taken, it’s worthwhile to note that in two consecutive weeks where reduced rest has been taken, one must be 45 hours long.

Multi manning

Some drivers can take another driver on board. The benefits include increased productivity, higher mileage covered, and longer drive time.

• Both drivers must take nine hours of daily rest

• This daily rest must be taken within 30 hours rather than 24.

• The first hour of multi-manning doesn’t require another driver. After one hour it becomes compulsory.

Ferry crossings or train journeys

As stated above a driver’s regular daily rest period must be 11 continuous hours, however, there are a few exceptions to this rule. Providing the vehicle is accompanied by the driver; daily rest periods can be interrupted twice but must not exceed one hour in total. For example, embarkation and disembarkation for ferries and trains.

If the regular daily rest period is interrupted in this manner, the accumulated rest period must be at least 11 hours or 12 if split.

What is the one-minute tachograph rule?

The one-minute rule came into effect in October 2011. It refers to older legislation that detailed that a minute with at least five seconds of driving had to be logged as drive time. However, the EU changed this legislation so the single longest continuous activity taken within a minute will be logged against that specific activity.

What would happen if I didn’t follow the tachograph rules?

Failing to comply with the tachograph rules can result in fines and sometimes imprisonment. Generally, the punishment depends on breach severity. Most tachograph violations are dealt with fixed penalties. Drivers have up to 28 days to consider fixed penalties.

There are two types of fines and penalties in the UK.

• Level Four Fine: These are capped at £2,500; this cap is for each tacho fine. However, cases with multiple level four infringements could face a maximum fine per infringement.

• Level Five Fine: These are capped at £5,000, however, as with level four fines, cases with multiple infringements could face the maximum fine.

Tachograph rules can be tricky to get your head around. However, not following them could lead to safety problems and potential fines. By understanding and following the rules, fleets and drivers can operate their vehicles safely and legally. It’s critical to note that tachograph rules and regulations may vary by country.

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Monday 02 December 2024 • Driver Advice

EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE DRIVER CPC CHANGES

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On the 3rd of December 2024, changes to the Driver Certificate of Professional Competence (CPC) will come into full effect. The new CPC aims to offer better flexibility to drivers returning to the profession and those undertaking mandatory training. We delve into the upcoming changes and how they will impact drivers. Introduced in 2007, the CPC is a mandatory qualification for professional drivers in the UK and EU wanting to drive a range of heavy vehicles, such as HGVs, LGVs, buses, and coaches. Drivers must pass four tests: • Theory• Case study• Practical• Vehicle safety demonstration. Once passed, the CPC lasts for five years and must be renewed by taking 35 hours of periodic training within the five years.The UK government wanted to understand the effectiveness of the Driver CPC. They did this by asking drivers, trainers, and other parties to take a poll. The government focused on two main areas: improving driver choice and attracting more drivers into the industry for example, making it easier for drivers with foreign qualifications to obtain a licence in the UK. The changes to the Driver CPC are categorised into the following:The international Driver CPC is the new name for how the previous Driver CPC worked. The following applies:• Drivers must take 35 hours of CPC training every five years.• The courses must be at least seven hours long. • If splitting a course over a day, a driver must complete it on two consecutive days.• Drivers are allowed to do a total of 12 hours of e-learning.The National Driver CPC provides more flexibility for those wanting to drive in the UK. Drivers can take either:• 35 hours of training every five years.• A combination of 35 hours of National Driver CPC and International Driver CPC training every five years.The flexibility means that:• Training must be at least 3 hours 30 minutes long training providers can offer longer courses. • It does not need to be completed on two consecutive days if it's a split course course providers can set their time limits.• Training can be e-learning.• Drivers can do 12 hours of e-learning towards their overall 35 hours.From the 3rd of December, 2024, drivers will be able to stay qualified by choosing either:1. International Driver CPC National Driver CPCDrivers wanting to return to the profession must take 35 hours of training before returning. However, this will change from the 1st of February, 2025.Drivers with an expired CPC will have new pathways to make returning to driving easier.Drivers have four options:• Undertake 35 hours of International Driver CPC training.• Regain qualification to drive in the UK and EU.• Complete 35 hours of National Driver CPC training.• Regain qualification to drive in the UK only.• Take a seven-hour "return to driving" module.• Regain UK driving qualification instantly.• To drive in the EU, complete 28 additional hours of training within 12 months.• As part of the National Driver CPC training, complete a seven-hour "return to driving" module.• Regain UK driving qualification instantly.• Take 28 additional hours of training (National or International Driver CPC) within 12 months.Drivers must take 35 hours of training (International or National).The rules surrounding Driver CPC cards remain the same drivers must carry their cards when operating vehicles professionally. However, the type of card differs based on qualification:• Identical to the current design.• The design will include "Domestic UK use only."If a driver is qualified for both categories, they may hold two cards.Fleet managers can prepare for the changes by ensuring the following:• Find out whether their drivers need an International or National CPC.• Training deadlines aren't missed to avoid fines.You are exempt from needing a Driver CPC if you're using the vehicle for:• Non-commercial carriage• Carrying materials you use for your job driving must be less than 30% of your rolling monthly work.• Driving for someone you work for or your own agriculture, horticulture, forestry, farming, or fisheries business driving must be less than 30% of your rolling monthly work. • Driving within 62 miles of your base driving a HGV, bus, or coach must not be your main job.• Driving to or from pre-booked appointments to test centres.• Lessons for anyone wanting to get a driving licence or a Driver CPC.• Maintain public order.Full guidance is on the website.Drivers with grandfather rights don't need to hold the actual qualification as part of their licence. However, they must complete 35 hours of training every five years.

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Wednesday 18 September 2024 • Driver Advice

CLEAR VISION AHEAD: THE IMPORTANCE OF EYE CARE FOR TRUCK DRIVERS

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takes place from the 23rd to the 29th of September, and as a truck driver, maintaining good vision is crucial to your job. Optical Express reported that road crashes involving drivers with poor vision accounted for roughly yearly casualties.Truck driving is a physically demanding role, but it is just as demanding visually requiring constant vigilance and the ability to quickly identify or react to changing road conditions. Poor vision can affect a driver's ability to judge distances, read signs, and detect other vehicles, reducing safety for the driver and other road users.Drivers must complete a t when applying for an HGV licence this occurs every five years after 45 and every year after the age of 65. As part of the medical, truck drivers must have a vision examination by a doctor, optician, or optometrist.To pass the examination, drivers require visual acuity of at least 0.8 (6/7.5) on the Snellen scale in their best eye and at least 0.1 (6/60) in the other.Group 2 HGV drivers need a horizontal visual field of at least 160 degrees with an extension of at least 70 degrees left and right and 30 degrees up and down. No defects should be present within a radius of the central 30 degrees.After 45 years old, drivers must complete their D4 Medical Assessment every five years and every year after 65. However, opticians recommend that every road user has an eye test at least every two years.If a driver experiences the following, they should get their eyes tested immediately:• Headaches• Eyestrain• Pressure behind the eyes• Double vision• Difficulty seeing during the night• Halos around lights.Under the law, employers must ensure their employees are fit to drive this could cover several things, but eyesight is one of them. Employers should test their driver's eyesight every six months by carrying out a number plate sight check 20 metres away.If an HGV driver requires glasses or contact lenses to reach the minimum vision requirement, they can't have a spectacle power greater than eightdioptres. For contact lenses, there is no restriction on contact lens power.The recommends the following to maintain good eye health:• Eat a well-balanced diet with foods that help your vision.• Exercise regularly to prevent diabetes and other conditions that can lead to vision problems.• Inform an optician if you notice any changes.• Wash your hands before putting them near your eyes or if you're handling contact lenses.• Protect your eyes when performing tasks that could damage them.• Wear sunglasses that block 99% or 100% of UVA and UVB radiation.• Follow the 20-20-20 rule every 20 minutes, look 20 feet away for 20 seconds.• Try not to smoke smoking is just as harmful to your eyes as it is to your body.The visual standards HGV drivers must meet are higher than those of other road users. In the UK, drivers must have a visual acuity of at least 0.5 (6/12) on the Snellen scale. In addition, drivers must be able to read a car number plate made after the 1st of September 2001 from 20 metres.The UK law on vision and driving falls below many European countries.By a number plate self-test from 20 metres. A visual acuity/visual field test is mandatory in other European countries.A driving test examiner performs the test in the UK, Cyprus, The Netherlands, and Norway. Several European countries require an Optometrist/Ophthalmologist/Doctor to carry out the test.• The UK, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, and Sweden require no further visual tests.• Algeria, Estonia, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Spain, and Turkey require a visual assessment every ten years.• Algeria, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, and Turkey require visual tests from 65 or younger.It's vital to inform the DVLA if you have any of the following eye conditions:• Blepharospasm• Cataracts• Diabetic retinopathy• Glaucoma• Eye loss• Macular degeneration• Monocular vision• Nyctalopia• Retinitis pigmentosa• Visual field defect.Drivers need to meet the following standards:• Can read a number plate 20 metres away• No double vision• Have a regular field of vision in at least one eye.If a driver is unsure whether they meet the visual standards for driving, they must get advice from a GP, optician, or eye specialist. of the information a driver receives comes from vision with most maneuvers made based on a sense of sight. Vision cannot be substituted or supplemented and is the most important physical factor behind the wheel.

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Thursday 29 August 2024 • Driver Advice

A TRUCK DRIVER’S GUIDE TO BUDGETING

Susie Jones

As a truck driver, you are used to travelling long distances and working anti-social hours which can often mean added expenses. But how do you save money as a truck driver? Tracking your expenses and managing your money can be difficult, but we’ve put together some handy tips to help you budget. Taking the time to prepare for the journey can save you money and give you peace of mind. • Supplies: Work out what items you will need to ensure you don’t have to fork out on expensive items whilst on the road. • Food: Preparing your food may be a simple trick but an effective one when it comes to saving the pennies. Eating out is often expensive and sometimes unhealthy, try making your meals in your cab. Having a microwave and fridge in your cab will make meal-prepping that much easier. Check out our tips for staying . • Journey planning: Planning the most efficient route can save you money on fuel and unexpected toll charges. Knowing where you will be stationed for the night and booking in advance can make your journey more cost-effective. Download our to find truck parking near your transit route. The hardest but the most effective tip. Create a monthly or weekly budget that you can stick to and keep track of your expenses. There are many ways to set out your budget, you could write your expenses in a monthly calendar, jot them down in a notebook, or use an app to assist you. has an extensive list of apps that can help. Investing in an inverter will give you the ability to run small appliances. Having a fridge to keep items fresh, an electric griddle for cooking, and a coffee machine to make your cup of joe just how you like it will stop you from spending a fortune. Say goodbye to expensive fast food and hello to home-cooked meals for half the price. A cost that you can’t avoid. However, there are many ways that you can save on it: • Tyre pressure: Underinflated tyres will reduce your fuel economy, so it’s important to regularly check them. • Reduce idling: Stop the engine if you know you’re going to be stationary for a while. An hour of idling can burn roughly a gallon of fuel. • Use cruise control: Cruise control can reduce unnecessary acceleration and deceleration. • Drive in a higher gear: This will maximise fuel efficiency as travelling at high speeds in lower gears can consume 45% more fuel. • Air conditioning: It can increase your fuel consumption by up to 0.4 miles per gallon. If possible, travel with the window open before resorting to air con. In addition to these tips, offers a sustainable, transparent pricing structure and discounted rates at our partner company, Certas Energy’s refuelling locations. Some employers will offer their drivers reward programmes to assist them with saving money. Items such as a discount on food, drink, showers, and cleaning facilities can all help with saving. Additionally, if you are a SNAP customer, we’re able to offer you food vouchers at participating truck stops. Whether it’s getting in touch with family via video call or streaming your favourite shows, having the option to hook up to the WiFi can save you a substantial amount. Solely using your phone’s data can get expensive and can leave you with an unexpectedly high bill. Most truck stops will offer WiFi for drivers, and you can always find out which truck stops offer this on our page. This is often down to the individual, as with any job you will have aspects you find difficult that others wouldn’t. Long hours, time spent away from loved ones, and a sedentary lifestyle can make the job tough. On top of this, you will have to deal with external difficulties such as road congestion, tight scheduling and sometimes working overtime. However, it’s not all doom and gloom, many truck drivers have a lot of work opportunities, independence, flexibility, and the chance to travel abroad. As stated above, there can certainly be some downsides to life on the road. Truck driving is certainly not for everyone, but those who do end up in the role benefit from a few perks: • Job stability – The current shortage of drivers means that you will have no trouble finding and keeping a job. • Pay – A career in truck driving can offer good pay and additional benefits. • Travel – If you don’t like to be confined to a single place every day then getting to travel around parts of the UK and Europe is a huge benefit. In addition to some of these perks, you will find a lot of truck drivers wouldn’t trade their life behind the wheel for a 9-5 office job. There are quite a few steps to become an HGV driver and the cost can vary depending on who you take your tests with. We’ve broken it down for you in a few easy steps. Before you can obtain your Class 2, you will need to have a full car licence, be over 18, and have a provisional HGV licence. Your provisional HGV licence will consist of two forms, a D2 (This is free) and a D4. A D4 form is your medical and the cost can vary between £50-£120. There are four parts to obtaining your HGV licence, and the cost of each can vary. According to the website, gaining your HGV licence will cost roughly £304. However, this cost may fluctuate if you book using an unofficial website. On top these fees, you need to pay for lessons which can cost up to £1,390. Once passed, you will have your HGV Class 2 (C Class) licence and can drive a rigid. To drive commercially you will need to get your tacho card which will set you back £32. This will need to be renewed every five years and will cost £15. To become a Class 1 driver you need to take one more test. A Class 1 licence will qualify you to drive a truck over 3,500kg with a trailer of over 750kg. This will cost £115. Overall, qualifying as a Class 1 HGV driver can set you back just under £2,000. However, it’s important to state that once you have obtained your licence, you will be on a decent salary, have job stability, get to travel and gain a sense of community within the trucking world. Budgeting as a truck driver can be challenging but is essential if you want to manage your finances. Keeping track of your expenses, setting a budget, and sticking to it will help you save money. The above tips will give you a great starting point in encouraging you to get into healthier financial habits. How do you save money when you’re out on the road? Share your tips and tricks with us at SNAP.